Garibaldi, Mazzini and Cavour; the soldier, the revolutionary and the statesman who gave birth to the Italian nation are sometimes referred to as the Holy Trinity. Although their heroic deeds are world renowned, their affiliation with Freemasonry and Britain are less well known.
Britains involvement in the Italian unification has for the most part remained obscure, perhaps to mask their true intentions. Astute historians attribute Britain’s sustained global Empire to their skill in espionage, just as much as to their legendary sea power.
All three men were Freemasons, an odd fit for self-proclaimed nationalists, as those ideologies have historically been mortal enemies. In Italy though, Freemasons openly promoted Italian nationalism, encouraged unification and undermined the power of the Catholic Church.1
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) and Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) were also early members of the Carbonari revolutionary association. The Carbonari were an anti-clerical secret society, al…